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Incoterms® 2020 comparison table

Who arranges and pays each step, and where the risk passes from seller to buyer, for each of the 11 rules. Click a rule to highlight it, or filter by transport mode.

EXW
Ex Works		FCA
Free Carrier		CPT
Carriage Paid To		CIP
Carriage and Insurance Paid To		DAP
Delivered at Place		DPU
Delivered at Place Unloaded		DDP
Delivered Duty Paid		FAS
Free Alongside Ship		FOB
Free On Board		CFR
Cost and Freight		CIF
Cost, Insurance and Freight
Export clearanceBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Carriage to the main carrierBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Loading on the main transportBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerSellerSellerSeller
Main carriageBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller
Cargo insuranceNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredSeller (all-risks cover)Not requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredNot requiredSeller (minimum cover)
Unloading at destinationBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer
Import clearance, duties and taxesBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer
Risk passes to the buyerAt the seller's premises, when the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal, not loaded.When the goods are handed to the buyer's carrier at the named place (loaded by the seller if that place is the seller's premises).When the goods are handed to the first carrier, although the seller pays the carriage to destination.When the goods are handed to the first carrier, although the seller pays the carriage and insurance to destination.At the named place of destination, on the arriving vehicle, ready for unloading.At the named place of destination, once the goods are unloaded.At the named place of destination, ready for unloading, cleared for import with duties paid.When the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment.When the goods are on board the vessel at the named port of shipment.When the goods are on board the vessel at the port of shipment, although the seller pays the freight to destination.When the goods are on board the vessel at the port of shipment, although the seller pays freight and insurance to destination.

This table summarises the rules for quick comparison. The full obligations are in the Incoterms® 2020 rules published by the ICC; check each lesson for the details and exceptions.